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Operculum (bryozoa) : ウィキペディア英語版 | Operculum (bryozoa) In the bryozoan order Cheilostomata, the operculum is a calcareous or chitinous lid-like structure that protects the opening through which the polypide protrudes. Many species have modified the operculum in specialized zooids (avicularia) to form a range of mandibles (probably for defense) or hair-like setae (probably for cleaning, or in some unattached species, such as ''Selenaria'', for locomotion〔Cook, P.L. & Chimonides, P.J. 1987. Recent and fossil Lunulitidae (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata), 7. ''Selenaria maculata'' (Busk) and allied species from Australasia. Journal of Natural Historia 21: 933-966〕). The cylcostome family Eleidae also convergently evolved an opercular structure during the Early Cretaceous to Paleocene.〔Taylor, P.D. 1994. Systematics of the melicerititid cyclostome bryozoans; introduction and the genera ''Elea'', ''Semielea'' and ''Repromultelea''. Bulletin of the Natural history Museum, Geology Series 50:1-103〕 ==References==
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